Q: How ca we get COGS report,  is there any standard report available in SAP ??

A: use this report  S_PL0_86000028

Problem:

See the image of Error at the time of making Payment by F-53

Solution:

What is the difference between company and company code?
A company is the organizational unit used in the legal consolidation module to roll up financial statements of several company codes.The Company Code is the smallest organizational ! unit for which a complete self-contained set of accounts can be drawn up for purposes of external reporting.

How many chart of accounts can be attached to a company code?
One or more Operative Chart of Accounts can be assigned to a company code.
A COA must be aasigned to a company code. This COA is the operative COA and is used in both FI and CO. One Chart of Account can be assigned to many Company codes i.e., Multiple company codes can either share the same or have separate COA. But a company code (Country specific Company code or International Company code) can have a country specific COA also along with Operative COA. The link between the regular COA and the country COA appears in the alternate number field of the G/L master record.

Eg: If a company’s subdidiaries are located in both US & Mexico. We need to configure 2 Company codes – one for US and another for Mexico,for eg U100 and M100. The same way we create 2 COA’s one for US & one for Mexico, USCA and MXCA. Mexico has different govt reporting requirements than the US so we will need to define a company code specific to Country Mexico and also create a country specific COA to be used, in addition to normal COA. In tcode OBY6(Comp Code Global Parameters) of CC M100 we define normal COA i.e.,USCA in Chart of Accounts field and MXCA in Country Chart/Accts field.

What are substitutions and validations? What is the precedent?
Validations are used to check settings and return a message if the prerequisite check condition is met.Substitutions are similar to validations; they actually replace and fill in field values behind the scenes without the user’s knowledge unlike validations that create on-screen msgs to the user.

What is a controlling area?
The Controlling Area is the central organizational unit within CO module. It is representative of a contained Cost Accounting envt where costs and revenues can be managed.
Define relationship between controlling area and company code?A controlling area may include one or more company codes which must use the same operative chart of accounts as the controlling area. A Controlling Area can contain multiple company code assignments but a single company code can be assigned to only one controlling area.

1. The length of G/L account number should be mentioned in Chart of accounts.

2. The G/L account becomes a complete G/L account if we have added the company code segment to chart of account segment.

3. If we are using the same chart of account in more than one company code the account name and account number is the same in all company codes.

4. The appearance of the company code segment of a G/L account is based on account group entered in the chart of account segment.

5. Creation of duplicate accounts in A/P can be prevented by using the match code before creating the new account & switching on automatic duplication check.

6. By mentioning the base line date, cash discount periods, and cash discount percentage rate in payment terms, system will calculate due date of the invoice and cash discount.

7. The specifications for permitted payment differences can be found in both types of tolerance groups. They control the automatic posting of cash discount adjustments and unauthorized deductions.
Ans: True

8. All reconciliation accounts and all general ledger accounts with open item transactions in foreign currency must be assigned to the revenue/expense accounts for realized losses and gains.
Ans: True

9. R/3 system contains
Ans: 1. Data base server 2. Application server 3. Presentation server only.

10. All data and programs are contained in Application server & Database server

11. SAP business object consists of attributes and methods

12. Maximum number of sessions a user can open when he logs on to SAP?
Ans: six

13. Fiscal year can be both year dependent and year independent.

14. Fiscal year which is a calendar year can have 12 normal periods.

15. Shortened fiscal year can have should have less than 12 periods.

16. Company code can have one local currency only.

17. Postings in a company code are done in G/L account of operative chart of accounts.

18. Retained earnings account is specific to chart of accounts.

19. Company can use both direct and indirect exchange rates – True

20. Business areas are used for reporting across company codes – True

21. Posting in a G/L account is controlled by field status group in the company code segment

22. Company code can have more than one retained earnings account – TrueChart of accounts can have more than one retained earnings account – True

23. account group controls the master record field status – True

24. Which of the following are correct with respect to your G/L account house bank name
a. the g/l account house bank name shall be the same as in the bank directory – False
b. the g/l account house bank name need not be the same as the bank’s name in the bank directory – True
c. the g/l account house bank name is user-definable – True
d. the g/l account house bank name is defined at the chart of account level – True
e. the g/l account house bank name is modifiable at the company code segment of the chart of accounts – False

25. Your house bank number cannot be set to be defaulted from house bank key – True

26. The G/L account for a bank is linked to one house bank plus one account id

27. One bank account is mapped in SAP to Account id & House bank

Key Features for Testing
Understanding the business scenarios
Organization Structure to incorporate the tune of the script.
Preparation of test scripts
Execute and record results to see if it is fine before going to approval.
Make changes to your test script if required.

What is Test Script (Scenario Testing)
Header Data
Step in Process
Transaction Code / Program (FB60)
Menu Path
Description
Field Data and actions to complete
Expected Results
Actual Results
TPR
Closing Period
F.19 Clearing GR/IR Account
F.13 Adjustments GR/IR Account

Using of these above two accounts will help us in clearing the balances and adjustments to those respective clearing accounts so that the GR/IR account will be zero balance and the balances will appear in respective reconciliation accounts accordingly the balances will be carried forwarded to next fiscal year.

GR/IR Clears the following Documents
GL Document
Customer Documents
Vendor Documents
Assignment Field is important in any document (ZUONR), Amount (DMBTR)

Foreign Currency Valuation
Lowest Value Method, If we are in loss then only we will account for it.

GL Accounts which are important in Testing
Enjoy Transaction – FB50
Normal Transaction – FB01
Document Parking – FV50
Post with Clearing – F-04
Incoming Payment – F-06
Outgoing Payment – F-07

Document Related
Reset Cleared Items – FBRA
Parking Document Posting – FBVO
Reversal Documents – F-14
Company Code Clearing A/C
(Trial Balance purposes) reversal – (FBUB)

Clearing Account
Partial clearing Invoice – 100 – Open Item
Paid – 70 – Open Item
Balance – 30

In Partial Clearing you can see 100 and 70 are cleared line items and 30 as balance and if it is in Residual you can only 30 as balance as it creates new line item and you can’t see the other cleared line items.

As no company will use residual clearing as it affects on ageing reports.

Open Items in Foreign Currency in all Modules GL/AP/AR – F.05
Master Data

Company Code
Currency
Only Balances in local currencies
Reconciliation Account Type

Year End Scripts
Re Grouping Receivables / Payables – (F101)

Bad Debts Provisions – Scripts
We assume that the customer has not paid at the end of the year you doubt whether this receivable will ever be paid. So you make a transfer posting for the receivables to an account for individual value adjustments using special GL Indicator E and Transaction Code F-21

Carry forward Balances
Sub Ledgers and General Ledger balances to be forwarded to next Fiscal Year

Accounts Payables
Vendor Down Payments
Invoice
Parking
Reversal
Outgoing Payments
Automatic Clearing
Manual Clearing
Advance (Down Payment)
Post with Clearing
Post without Clearing
Reset Clearing
Carry forward
Regrouping
Foreign Currency Valuations

Accounts Receivables
Customer Down Payments
Invoice
Parking
Reversal
Incoming Payments
Manual Clearing
Advance (Down Payment)
Post with Clearing
Post without Clearing
Reset Clearing
Carry forward
Regrouping
Foreign Currency Valuations